Dynamically created and updated indoor positioning map

ABSTRACT

A system for creating and/or dynamically updating indoor positioning maps includes an augmented reality (AR) device and a computing device communicatively coupled to the AR device. The AR device has a display for displaying AR content to a user that overlaps the AR device&#39;s perspective view of an environment. The AR device also has one or more depth sensors for gathering mapping data of physical objects in the environment. The computing device has a processor that is configured by software to create a three-dimensional (3D) indoor positioning map of the environment in a building based on the mapping data gathered by the AR device, and/or dynamically update the 3D indoor positioning map of the environment in the building based on the mapping data gathered by the AR device.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to indoor positioning maps and more specifically, to a method of dynamically creating and updating indoor positioning maps utilizing augmented reality (AR) or an AR device.

BACKGROUND

Mixed reality refers to the merging of real and virtual (i.e., computer generated) worlds. Augmented reality (AR) lies within the spectrum of mixed reality experiences. The use of AR devices is becoming more prevalent. AR devices are typically worn on a user's head and are used to display information that augments the user's visual experience. The AR experience is created by presenting AR content (e.g., text, graphics, images, etc.) that overlay the user's field of view (FOV). This AR content is typically positioned so that it lends context to things (e.g., objects, people, etc.) within the user's immediate environment. When used in the workplace, a worker may use this information to analyze/understand their environment, leading to enhanced productivity and effectiveness.

However, the AR experience and AR devices are not known for dynamically creating and/or updating indoor positioning maps.

Generally speaking, there are several different approaches to indoor positioning, which require varying degrees of infrastructure capital expenditure. Some of the less expensive systems use known locations of RF anchor nodes such as Bluetooth low energy beacons, WiFi access points and even magnetic fields to calculate position. With these types of systems a mapping of RF signal strengths at different locations within a building needs to be created. This can be time consuming and subject to environmental changes that affect the map's accuracy over time.

Therefore, a need exists for a method and system that dynamically creates and updates indoor positioning mapping utilizing AR devices.

SUMMARY

Accordingly, in one aspect, the present invention embraces a system for dynamically creating and/or updating indoor positioning maps. The system may generally include an augmented reality (AR) device and a computing device communicatively coupled to the AR device. The AR device has a display for displaying AR content to a user that overlaps the AR device's perspective view of an environment. The AR device also has one or more depth sensors for gathering mapping data of physical objects in the environment. The computing device may have a processor that is configured by software to dynamically create and/or update a three-dimensional (3D) indoor positioning map of the environment in a building based on the mapping data gathered by the AR device.

In an exemplary embodiment, the dynamic creation and/or updating of the 3D indoor positioning map may include utilizing simultaneous location and mapping (SLAM) techniques for positioning within the 3D map. The SLAM techniques utilized for positioning may include collecting available environmental data at various points within the building. The environmental data collected may include any available environmental data, including, but not limited to, all available RF signals, magnetic fields, lighting conditions, GPS, three dimensional imagery, ambient sound, the like, and/or combinations thereof. In addition, the environmental data collected may include strength and/or intensities associated with each collection and an orientation of the AR device at the time of each collection. For example, the RF signal information collected may contain signal strength, transmit power, and/or an identifier for the RF source. As another example, the light collected may contain an intensity, color, and/or frequency of light. The orientation of the AR device may be recorded for each location where environmental data may be collected. The collected environmental data may then be sent to the computing device and saved with the specific location and orientation in the 3D indoor positioning map.

In another exemplary embodiment, the computing device may include a remote program for communicating with a remote device. The remote device may be any remote device with at least one remote sensor for collecting and sharing remote data. The computing device may determine the location of the remote device on the 3D indoor positioning map by comparing the remote data with the recorded environmental data. The location of the remote device on the 3D indoor positioning map may include a probability of accuracy based on a number of degrees of freedom of the remote device.

In another exemplary embodiment, the AR device may be configured to provide guidance to provide missing data and/or data older than a defined refresh period. For guidance, the processor of the AR device may be configured to create guidance AR content corresponding to the AR device's perspective view of the environment for guidance, and transmit the 3D indoor positioning map with the guidance AR content to the display for guidance. The missing data and/or data older than a defined refresh period collected by the depth sensors while the AR device is guided through the building may be sent to the computing device and constantly updated in real time. The guidance AR content may include visible instructions to rotate around 360 degrees at each location so that an omni-directional mapping of the environment is recorded at each location. As an example, the visible instructions may include an AR visual graphic that shows how to turn and how long to stay at each location configured for an accurate reading to be recorded.

In another exemplary embodiment, the processor of the computing device may be further configured to create a two dimensional (2D) view of the indoor positioning map, and show at least one location of a remote device on the 2D view of the indoor positioning map in real time. The computing device may include a remote program for communicating with the remote device the 2D view of the indoor positioning map with its location.

In another exemplary embodiment, the at least one depth sensor may include an optical 3D scanner.

In another exemplary embodiment, the display may be a head mounted display (HMD). The HMD may comprise a transparent plate that may be positioned in front of the user's eye or eyes, allowing the user to view the environment through the transparent plate. The transparent plate may also be arranged to display AR content to the user's eye or eyes so that the AR content appears superimposed on the user's view of the environment.

In another aspect, the present invention embraces a method for dynamically creating and/or updating indoor positioning maps. The method may generally include the steps of: collecting position information from at least one depth sensor of an AR device; dynamically creating a three-dimensional (3D) indoor positioning map based on the received position information from the AR device; and/or dynamically updating the 3D indoor positioning map based on the received position information from the AR device.

In an exemplary embodiment, the steps of creating the 3D indoor positioning map and/or dynamically updating the 3D indoor positioning map may include positioning the AR device using simultaneous location and mapping (SLAM) techniques. The SLAM techniques used for positioning may include, but are not limited to, collecting any available environmental data at various points within the building. The environmental data may include all available RF signals, magnetic fields, lighting conditions, GPS, three dimensional imagery, ambient sound, the like, and/or combinations thereof. In addition, the environmental data collected may include strength and/or intensities associated with each collection and an orientation of the AR device at the time of each collection. For example, the RF signal information collected may contain signal strength, transmit power, and/or an identifier for the RF source. As another example, the light collected may contain an intensity, color, and/or frequency of light. The orientation of the AR device may be recorded at each location where environmental data may be collected. The collected environmental data may then be sent to the computing device and saved with the specific location and orientation in the 3D indoor positioning map.

In another exemplary embodiment, the method for creating and/or updating indoor positioning maps may further include the step of guiding the AR device to provide missing data and/or data older than a defined refresh period. The step of guiding may include creating guidance AR content corresponding to the AR device's perspective view of the environment for guidance, and transmitting the 3D indoor positioning map with the created guidance AR content to the display for guidance.

In another aspect, the present invention embraces an augmented reality (AR) device. The AR device generally includes a display, one or more depth sensors, and a processor. The display may display guidance AR content to a user that may overlap the AR device's perspective view of an environment. The one or more depth sensors may gather mapping data of physical objects in the environment. The processor may be communicatively coupled to the one or more depth sensors. The processor may be configured by software to: dynamically create and/or update a three-dimensional (3D) indoor positioning map of the environment in a building based on the mapping data gathered by the AR device.

In an exemplary embodiment, the AR device may use simultaneous location and mapping (SLAM) techniques for the positioning of the AR device in the dynamic creation and/or updating of the 3D indoor positioning map. The SLAM techniques used for positioning may include, but are not limited to, collecting any available environmental data at various points within the building. The environmental data may include all available RF signals, magnetic fields, lighting conditions, GPS, three dimensional imagery, ambient sound, the like, and/or combinations thereof. In addition, the environmental data collected may include strength and/or intensities associated with each collection and an orientation of the AR device at the time of each collection. For example, the RF signal information collected may contain a signal strength, transmit power, and/or an identifier for the RF source. As another example, the light collected may contain an intensity, color, and/or frequency of light. The orientation of the AR device may be recorded at each location where environmental data may be collected. The collected environmental data may then be sent to the computing device and saved with the specific location and orientation in the 3D indoor positioning map.

In another exemplary embodiment, the AR device may be configured to provide guidance to provide missing data and/or data older than a defined refresh period. In this guidance embodiment, the processor of the AR device may be configured to create guidance AR content corresponding to the AR device's perspective view of the environment for guidance, and transmit the 3D indoor positioning map with the guidance AR content to the display for guidance.

In another exemplary embodiment, the at least one depth sensor of the AR device may include an optical 3D scanner.

In another exemplary embodiment, the display of the AR device may be a head mounted display (HMD). The HMD may include a transparent plate that may be positioned in front of the user's eye or eyes, allowing the user to view the environment through the transparent plate. The transparent plate may also be arranged to display AR content to the user's eye or eyes so that the AR content appears superimposed on the user's view of the environment.

In yet another exemplary embodiment, the display of the AR device may include a liquid crystal display (LCD).

The foregoing illustrative summary, as well as other exemplary objectives and/or advantages of the invention, and the manner in which the same are accomplished, are further explained within the following detailed description and its accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 graphically depicts, according to an embodiment of the present invention, a user wearing an exemplary AR device and an exemplary output of said AR device seen by the user.

FIG. 2 schematically depicts a system/method for creating and/or dynamically updating indoor positioning maps according to an embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present invention embraces a system, method, and device that utilize augmented reality (AR) and AR devices for creating and/or updating indoor positioning maps. AR systems allow a user to view and (in some cases) interact with an enhanced version of the physical world. AR systems combine a user's perspective view of the physical world (i.e., the user's environment) with virtual objects. The virtual objects may be overlaid and positioned within the user's perspective view to provide contextually relevant information.

Virtual objects may include graphics or text and may presented in two dimensions (2D) and/or three dimensions (3D). The virtual objects (i.e., AR content) are continually updated (e.g., real time) to correspond with a user's change in perspective. As such, AR systems typically include body-worn cameras/displays (e.g., head mounted display) or hand-held cameras/displays (e.g., smartphone, tablet, etc.).

A head mounted display (HMD) may be part of an AR system. One possible HMD type is the video see-through HMD. Here, the environment is presented as a video stream to the user via a display (e.g., a liquid crystal display). Another possible HMD type is the optical see-through HMD (e.g., smart glasses), wherein the user looks through a transparent plate. The transparent plate is configured to display AR content so the AR content is overlaid with the user's perspective view of the environment.

An exemplary AR device is shown in FIG. 1. The AR device 12 is a smart glasses type HMD (e.g., MICROSOFT™ HOLOLENS™). When a user 2 wears the AR device like a pair of glasses, AR content 15 is presented to both eyes. This AR content may appear 3D resulting from the stereoscopic view and the display's ability to create “holograms” of virtual objects. The user's perspective view 3 of an environment 4 is displayed to a user with AR content 15 overlaid and positioned to help the user understand the environment 4.

The AR content 15 may change in response to movement of the AR device 12 within the environment (i.e., position). These changes typically occur in real time allowing a user to move freely while the AR content 15 updates appropriately to match changes in the user's perspective.

Tracking of the AR device's position/orientation is required to update the AR content 15 appropriately. Tracking may utilize one or more sensors to determine the user's position/orientation. For example, inertial measurement sensors (e.g., gyroscope, accelerometer, magnetometer, etc.) may facilitate tracking. In addition, tracking may also utilize depth sensors.

Depth sensing may be used to create range images of the AR system's perspective. Range images are images with pixel values corresponding to the range between the AR system and points within the AR system's field of view.

Depth sensors (i.e., range cameras) may produce these range images using one of several possible techniques (e.g., stereo triangulation, sheet of light triangulation, structured light, time of flight, interferometry, coded aperture, etc.). Structure light depth sensors, for example, illuminate an environment with a specially designed light pattern (e.g., points, checkerboard, lines, etc.). The reflected light pattern is compared to a reference pattern to obtain a range image.

AR systems may include a camera to help tracking and mapping. This camera (e.g., CCD camera, CMOS camera, etc.) is typically aligned with the perspective view of the user. The images captured by the camera may be processed by processors running algorithms (such as simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM)) to track and map. SLAM algorithms may aid in the creation of maps (i.e., models) of the environment, which include the locations of physical objects and/or light sources in the environment.

Detecting light sources for mapping may be accomplished using the camera or by using one of a variety of possible photo sensor types (e.g., photodiodes, phototransistors, etc.). For example, light levels measured by the light sensor (e.g., camera, photo sensor, etc.) may be compared to a threshold as part of a light-source detection process.

However, the AR experience and AR devices are not known to be utilized for dynamically creating and/or updating indoor positioning maps. Therefore, the instant disclosure recognizes the need for systems, methods, and devices that dynamically creates and/or updates indoor positioning mapping utilizing such AR devices.

Referring to FIG. 2 an embodiment of a system 10 for dynamically creating and/or updating indoor positioning maps is shown. The system 10 may generally include AR device 12 and computing device 18 communicatively coupled to the AR device 12 (i.e. via a wireless connection like WiFi). AR device 12 may have display 14 for displaying AR content 15 to the user 2 that overlaps the AR device's perspective view 3 of the environment 4. AR device 12 may also have one or more depth sensors 16 for gathering mapping data of physical objects in the environment 4. The computing device 18 may have a processor that is configured by software to dynamically create and/or update a three-dimensional (3D) indoor positioning map of the environment 4 in a building based on the mapping data gathered by the AR device 12.

The dynamic creation and/or updating of the 3D indoor positioning map may include utilizing simultaneous location and mapping (SLAM) techniques for positioning of the AR device 12 in the environment 4 while dynamically creating and/or updating the 3D indoor positioning map. The SLAM techniques utilized for positioning may include, but are not limited to, collecting available or perceivable environmental data at various points within the building of environment 4. The environmental data collected may include any available environmental data, including, but not limited to, all available RF signals, magnetic fields, lighting conditions, GPS, three dimensional imagery, ambient sound, the like, and/or combinations thereof. In addition, the environmental data collected may include strength and/or intensities associated with each collection and an orientation of the AR device 12 at the time of each collection. Recording the orientation of the device may be important, as the signal strengths may change depending on the direction AR device 12 is facing. For example, the RF signal information collected may contain signal strength and an identifier (e.g. MAC address) for the RF source. The RF signal information collected might also include the transmit power, which may be needed for signal strength multilateration. As another example, the light collected may contain an intensity, color, and/or frequency of light. The orientation of the AR device 12 may be recorded for each location where environmental data may be collected. The collected environmental data may then be sent to the computing device 18 and saved with the specific location and orientation in the 3D indoor positioning map.

The computing device 18 may be any computing device like a processor, server, and or combinations thereof that is in communication with AR device 12 for dynamically creating/updating 3D indoor positioning maps. Computing device 18 may be remote to AR device 12 and/or coupled with AR device 12.

The computing device 18 may include a remote program for communicating with a remote device. The remote device may be any remote device with at least one remote sensor for collecting remote data, including collecting environmental data for utilizing SLAM techniques. This remote program of the computing device 18 could then allow less capable devices (i.e. less capable than AR device 12) to share environmental data to aid in dynamically creating/updating the 3D indoor positioning map. The computing device may determine the location of the remote device on the 3D indoor positioning map by comparing the remote data with the recorded environmental data. In one embodiment, the location of the remote device on the 3D indoor positioning map may include a probability of accuracy based on a number of degrees of freedom of the remote device.

Referring to FIG. 1, one feature of the instant disclosure may be that AR device 12 may be configured to provide guidance to provide missing data (i.e. environmental or structural info not yet created or new environmental data known to need updating) and/or data older than a defined refresh period (i.e. stale data). It may be important to frequently update data as something as simple as a new table in the room could completely alter the RF signal path within the room. For guidance, the processor of AR device 12 may be configured to create guidance AR content 15 corresponding to the AR device's perspective view 3 of the environment 4 for guidance, and transmit the 3D indoor positioning map with the guidance AR content 15 to the display 14 for guidance. The missing data and/or data older than a defined refresh period collected by the depth sensors 16 while AR device 12 is guided through the building may be sent to the computing device and constantly updated in real time. As shown in FIG. 1, the guidance AR content 15 may include visible instructions to rotate around 360 degrees at each location so that an omni-directional mapping of the environment is recorded at each location. As shown in the example, the visible instructions may include an AR visual graphic that shows how to turn and how long to stay at each location configured for an accurate reading to be recorded.

The processor of computing device 18 may be further configured to create a two dimensional (2D) view of the indoor positioning map, and show at least one location of the remote device on the 2D view of the indoor positioning map in real time. The remote program may then be for communicating with the remote device the 2D view of the indoor positioning map with its location. This 2D feature of the disclosure may show a device where they are positioned at any given moment, as well as to show an administrator where all their assets were at any given moment.

Referring again to FIG. 2, in another aspect the present invention embraces a method for dynamically creating and/or updating indoor positioning maps. The method may generally include the steps of: a step 21 of collecting or gathering position information from at least one depth sensor 16 of AR device 12; step 22 of dynamically creating a three-dimensional (3D) indoor positioning map based on the received position information from AR device 12; and/or step 23 of dynamically updating the 3D indoor positioning map based on the received position information from AR device 12.

Steps 22 and 23 of creating the 3D indoor positioning map and/or dynamically updating the 3D indoor positioning map may include positioning AR device 12 in the 3D indoor positioning map using SLAM techniques. The SLAM techniques utilized for positioning may be any of the SLAM techniques as known and/or described herein.

The method for creating and/or updating indoor positioning maps may further include step 24 of guiding the AR device to provide missing data and/or data older than a defined refresh period. Step 24 of guiding may include step 25 of creating guidance AR content 15 corresponding to the AR device's perspective view 3 of the environment 4 for guidance, and step 26 of transmitting the 3D indoor positioning map with the created guidance AR content 15 to the display 14 for guidance.

To supplement the present disclosure, this application incorporates entirely by reference the following commonly assigned patents, patent application publications, and patent applications:

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In the specification and/or figures, typical embodiments of the invention have been disclosed. The present invention is not limited to such exemplary embodiments. The use of the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. The figures are schematic representations and so are not necessarily drawn to scale. Unless otherwise noted, specific terms have been used in a generic and descriptive sense and not for purposes of limitation. 

The invention claimed is:
 1. A system for creating and dynamically updating indoor positioning maps comprising: an augmented reality (AR) device comprising: a display for displaying AR content to a user, the AR content overlapping the AR device's perspective view of an environment; and one or more depth sensors for gathering mapping data of physical objects in the environment; a computing device communicatively coupled to the AR device, the computing device comprising a processor that is configured by software to: dynamically create a three-dimensional (3D) indoor positioning map of the environment in a building based on the mapping data gathered by the AR device; create guidance AR content in response to the mapping data of the physical objects in the environment in the 3D indoor positioning map being older than a refresh period, wherein the guidance AR content is created corresponding to the AR device's perspective view of the environment for guidance; transmit the 3D indoor positioning map with the guidance AR content to the display for the guidance to gather updated mapping data; and dynamically update the 3D indoor positioning map of the environment in the building based on the updated mapping data gathered by the AR device when at least the mapping data of the physical objects in the environment in the 3D indoor positioning map is older than the refresh period.
 2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the creation of the 3D indoor positioning map and/or the dynamically updating of the 3D indoor positioning map includes utilizing simultaneous location and mapping (SLAM) techniques for positioning, wherein the SLAM techniques utilized for positioning include collecting environmental data at various points within the building, where the environmental data includes all available RF signals, magnetic fields, lighting conditions, GPS, three dimensional imagery, ambient sound, and/or combinations thereof, wherein: the RF signal information contains a signal strength, a transmit power, and/or an identifier for an RF source; and the light contains an intensity, a color and/or a frequency of light.
 3. The system according to claim 2, wherein the AR device is configured to record an orientation of the AR device and a location of the AR device with the environmental data, wherein the AR device is further configured to send the environmental data, the recorded location, and the recorded orientation to the computing device, wherein the processor of the computing device is configured to save with the environmental data with the recorded location and the recorded orientation in the 3D indoor positioning map.
 4. The system according to claim 2, wherein the computing device includes a remote program for communicating with a remote device with at least one remote sensor for sharing remote data.
 5. The system according to claim 4, wherein the computing device may determine the location of the remote device on the 3D indoor positioning map by comparing the remote data shared with the environmental data, where the location of the remote device on the 3D indoor positioning map includes a probability of accuracy based on a number of degrees of freedom of the remote device.
 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the AR device is configured to send the missing data and/or the data older than the refresh period collected by the one or more depth sensors, while the AR device is guided through the building, to the computing device and constantly updated in real time.
 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the guidance AR content includes visible instructions to rotate around 360 degrees at each location so that an omnidirectional mapping of the environment is recorded at each location, the visible instructions includes an AR visual graphic that shows how to turn and how long to stay at each location configured for an accurate reading to be recorded.
 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor of the computing device is further configured to: create a two dimensional (2D) view of the indoor positioning map; and show at least one location of a remote device on the 2D view of the indoor positioning map in real time; wherein the computing device includes a remote program for communicating with the remote device the 2D view of the indoor positioning map with its location.
 9. The system according to claim 1, wherein: the one or more depth sensors include an optical 3D scanner; and the display is a head mounted display (HMD) and comprises a transparent plate that is (i) positioned in front of the user's eye or eyes, allowing the user to view the environment through the transparent plate and (ii) arranged to display AR content to the user's eye or eyes so that the AR content appears superimposed on the user's view of the environment.
 10. A method for creating and updating indoor positioning maps, the method comprising: gathering mapping data of physical objects in an environment from at least one depth sensor of an AR device; dynamically creating a three-dimensional (3D) indoor positioning map based on the gathered mapping data from the AR device; creating guidance AR content in response to the mapping data of the physical objects in the environment in the 3D indoor positioning map being older than a refresh period, wherein the guidance AR content is created corresponding to the AR device's perspective view of the environment for guidance; transmitting the 3D indoor positioning map with the guidance AR content to a display in the AR device for the guidance to gather updated mapping data; and dynamically updating the 3D indoor positioning map based on the updated mapping data gathered at least when the mapping data of the physical objects in the environment in the 3D indoor positioning map is older than the refresh period.
 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein creating the 3D indoor positioning map and/or dynamically updating the 3D indoor positioning map further includes using simultaneous location and mapping (SLAM) techniques for positioning, including collecting environmental data at various points within a building, where the environmental data includes all available RF signals, magnetic fields, lighting conditions, GPS, three dimensional imagery, ambient sound, and/or combinations thereof, wherein: the RF signal information contains a signal strength, transmit power, and/or an identifier for an RF source; and the light contains an intensity, color and/or frequency of light.
 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein collecting environmental data at various points within a building includes recording an orientation and a location of the AR device with the environmental data, and saving the recorded location and the recorded orientation of the AR device with the environmental data in the 3D indoor positioning map.
 13. An augmented reality (AR) device, comprising: a display for displaying guidance AR content to a user, the guidance AR content overlapping the AR device's perspective view of an environment; and one or more depth sensors for gathering mapping data of physical objects in the environment; and a processor communicatively coupled to the one or more depth sensors, the processor configured by software to: dynamically create a three-dimensional (3D) indoor positioning map of the environment in a building based on the mapping data gathered by the one or more depth sensors; and create guidance AR content in response to the mapping data of the physical objects in the environment in the 3D indoor positioning map being older than a refresh period, wherein the guidance AR content is created corresponding to the AR device's perspective view of the environment for guidance; transmit the 3D indoor positioning map with the guidance AR content to the display for the guidance to gather updated mapping data; and dynamically update the 3D indoor positioning map of the environment in the building based on the updated mapping data gathered by the AR device when at least the mapping data of physical objects in the environment in the 3D indoor positioning map is older than the refresh period.
 14. The AR device according to claim 13, wherein the creation of the 3D indoor positioning map and/or the dynamically updating of the 3D indoor positioning map includes utilizing simultaneous location and mapping (SLAM) techniques for positioning, wherein the SLAM techniques utilized for positioning include collecting environmental data at various points within a building, where the environmental data includes all available RF signals, magnetic fields, lighting conditions, GPS, three dimensional imagery, ambient sound, and/or combinations thereof, wherein: the RF signal information contains a signal strength, a transmit power, and/or an identifier for an RF source; and the light contains an intensity, a color and/or a frequency of light.
 15. The AR device according to claim 14, wherein the processor is configured to record an orientation of the AR device and a location of the AR device with the environmental data wherein the processor is further configured to save the recorded location and the recorded orientation of the AR device with the environmental data in the 3D indoor positioning map.
 16. The AR device according to claim 13, wherein: the one or more depth sensors include an optical 3D scanner; and the display is a head mounted display (HMD) and comprises a transparent plate that is (i) positioned in front of the user's eye or eyes, allowing the user to view the environment through the transparent plate and (ii) arranged to display AR content to the user's eye or eyes so that the AR content appears superimposed on the user's view of the environment.
 17. The AR device according to claim 16, wherein the display comprises a liquid crystal display (LCD). 